The Hessdalen Lights- Probably a UFO?

The Hessdalen lights are unexplained nocturnal lights observed in 7.5-mile-long (12 km) Hessdalen valley in rural central Norway.

The Hessdalen lights are unexplained nocturnal lights observed in 7.5-mile-long (12 km) Hessdalen valley in rural central Norway.Since 1983, there has been ongoing scientific research, referred to as "Project Hessdalen", initiated by UFO-Norge and UFO-Sweden. This project was active as field investigations during 1983–1985. A group of students, engineers and journalists collaborated as "The Triangle Project" in 1997–1998 and recorded the lights in a pyramid shape that bounced up and down.In 1998, the Hessdalen Automatic Measurement Station (Hessdalen AMS) was set up in the valley to register and record the appearance of lights.Later, the EMBLA[clarification needed] programme was initiated to bring together established scientists and students into researching these lights. Leading research institutions are Østfold University College (Norway) and the Italian National Research Council.Despite the ongoing research, there is no convincing explanation for the phenomenon. However, there are numerous working hypotheses and even more speculations.One possible explanation attributes the phenomenon to an incompletely understood combustion involving hydrogen, oxygen, and sodium, and occurs in Hessdalen because of the large deposits of scandium there.One recent hypothesis suggests that the lights are formed by a cluster of macroscopic Coulomb crystals in a plasma produced by the ionization of air and dust by alpha particles during radon decay in the dusty atmosphere. Several physical properties including oscillation, geometric structure, and light spectrum, observed in the Hessdalen lights (HL) can be explained through a dust plasma model. Radon decay produces alpha particles (responsible by helium emissions in HL spectrum) and radioactive elements such as polonium. In 2004, Teodorani showed an occurrence where a higher level of radioactivity on rocks was detected near the area where a large light ball was reported. Computer simulations show that dust immersed in ionized gas can organize itself into double helixes like some of occurrences of the Hessdalen lights; dusty plasmas may also form in this structure.This section may be too technical for most readers to understand. Please help improve it to make it understandable to non-experts, without removing the technical details. The talk page may contain suggestions. (April 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)Another hypothesis explains HL as a product of piezoelectricity generated under specific rock strains (Takaki and Ikeya, 1998) because many crystal rocks include quartz grains which produce an intense charge density. In a 2011 paper, based on the dusty plasma theory of HL, it is suggested that piezoelectricity of quartz cannot explain a peculiar property assumed by the HL phenomenon – the presence of geometrical structures in its center. Paiva and Taft have shown a mechanism of light ball cluster formation in Hessdalen lights by the nonlinear interaction of ion-acoustic and dusty-acoustic waves with low frequency geoelectromagnetic waves in dusty plasmas. The theoretical model shows that the velocity of ejected light balls by HL cluster is about 10,000 m s−1 in a good agreement with the observed velocity of some ejected light balls, which is estimated as 20,000 m s−1. Why is the ejected ball always green-colored? Ejection of small green light ball from HL is due to radiation pressure produced by the interaction between very low frequency electromagnetic waves (VLF) and atmospheric ions (present in the central white-colored ball) through ion-acoustic waves (IAW). Probably only O+2 ions (electronic transition b4Σ−g → a4Πu), with green emission lines, are transported by IAW. Electronic bands of O+2 ions occur in auroral spectra. Electron-molecular ion dissociative recombination coefficient rates α as functions of electron temperature Te, and cross sections σ as a function of electron energy E, have been measured by Mehr and Biondi[15] for N+2 and O+2 over the electron temperature interval 0.007–10 eV. The estimated temperature of HL is about 5,000 K. In this temperature, the rate coefficients of dissociative recombination will be respectively α(Te)[O+2] ~ 10−8 cm3 s−1, and α(Te)[N+2] ~ 10−7 cm3 s−1. Thus, the nitrogen ions will be decomposed in N+2 + e− → N + N* more rapidly than oxygen ions in the HL plasma. Only ionic species are transported by IAW. Therefore, only oxygen ions will be predominant ejected green light balls from a central white ball in HL, presenting negative band of O+2 with electronic transition b4Σ−g → a4Πu after an IAWformation. Paiva and Taft presented a model for resolving the apparently contradictory spectrum observed in HL phenomenon. Thus, its nearly flat spectrum on the top with steep sides is due to the effect of optical thickness on the bremsstrahlung spectrum. At low frequencies self-absorption modifies the spectrum to follow the Rayleigh–Jeans part of the blackbody curve. This spectrum is typical of dense ionized gas. Additionally, the spectrum produced in the thermal bremsstrahlung process is flat up to a cutoff frequency, νcut, and falls off exponentially at higher frequencies. This sequence of events forms the typical spectrum of HL phenomenon when the atmosphere is clear, with no fog. According to the model, spatial color distribution of luminous balls commonly observed in HL phenomenon are produced by electrons accelerated by electric fields during rapid fracture of piezoelectric rocks under the ground.There have been some sightings positively identified as misperceptions of astronomical bodies, aircraft, car headlights, and mirages.In 2016, Norwegian scientist Christian Opdal Eid published an article evaluating superposition of cosmic EM waves, or collisions of cosmic ray particles, as the source of the phenomena.